opRound: Edge Rounding Operation

Geometric Edge Softening for Distance Fields

The opRound operation applies uniform rounding to SDF shapes by subtracting a rounding radius from the distance field. This technique smooths sharp edges and corners, creating more organic and visually pleasing geometry.

Mathematical Foundation

The rounding operation is mathematically straightforward:

$$d_{\text{rounded}} = d_{\text{original}} - r$$

where $r$ is the rounding radius. This operation effectively expands the surface inward by the rounding distance, creating smooth transitions at previously sharp edges.

Function Signature

Parameter	Type	Description
d	float	Original SDF distance value
h	float	Rounding radius (softening amount)

Implementation Demonstration

Live Editor

const fragment = () => {
      const up = vec3(0, 1, 0)
      const eps = vec3(0.01, 0, 0)
      const eye = rotate3dY(iTime).mul(vec3(4))
      const sdf = Fn(([p]: [Vec3]) => {
              const cube = cubeSDF(p, 0.5)
              return opRound(cube, 0.3)
      })
      const march = Fn(([eye, dir]: [Vec3, Vec3]) => {
              const p = eye.toVar()
              const d = sdf(p).toVar()
              Loop(16, ({ i }) => {
                      If(d.lessThanEqual(eps.x), () => {
                              const dx = sdf(p.add(eps.xyy)).sub(d)
                              const dy = sdf(p.add(eps.yxy)).sub(d)
                              const dz = sdf(p.add(eps.yyx)).sub(d)
                              const normal = vec3(dx, dy, dz).normalize()
                              const light = vec3(2, 4, 3).sub(p).normalize()
                              const diffuse = normal.dot(light).max(0.1)
                              return vec4(vec3(diffuse.mul(0.8).add(0.2)), 1)
                      })
                      p.addAssign(d.mul(dir))
                      d.assign(sdf(p))
              })
              return vec4(0)
      })
      const z = eye.negate().normalize()
      const x = z.cross(up)
      const y = x.cross(z)
      const scr = vec3(uv.sub(0.5), 2)
      const dir = mat3(x, y, z).mul(scr).normalize()
      return march(eye, dir)
}

Result

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